Much Ado About Nothing Individualism Analysis - 1380 Words

Much Ado About Nothing, written by William Shakespeare, sheds light on individualism. Individualism is the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant. Individualism philosophies are the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the sole individual. William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, and was considered one of the greatest writers in the English language, of all time. Still to this day, Shakespeare has his productions of his plays being performed today.In Shakespeare’s twenty years as a playwright, he wrote plays that captured human emotion and conflict. The way individualism is represented in Much Ado About Nothing helps shape the readers†¦show more content†¦Social outlook is represented in the book, which contributes to individualism philosophies. A social outlook is the view or prospect from a particular place, as well as the mental attitude or point of view on one’s outlook on life. Again, the theme of the story portrays marriage as a necessity, and the characters outlook on marriage such as Claudio, Benedict, Hero, and Beatrice demonstrates that whether its falling in love or getting married. Love also represents a social outlook in Much Ado About Nothing. Love is represented in many different forms in the play, one being loyalty, whether its loyalty to friends or loyalty to a loved one. Friendship love is shown between Claudio and Don Pedro when Claudio says â€Å"My liege, your highness now may do me good.† Don Pedro responds by saying â€Å"My love is thine to teach. Teach it but how, And thou shalt see how apt it is to learn any hard lesson that may do thee good.† This quote also shows Don Pedros loyalty to Claudio by trying to do what he can to please him and make him happy. Other characters fall in love besides Claudio and Hero, such as Beatrice and Benedict. In Leonato’s garden, Hero began preparing to trick Beatri ce into thinking that Benedict loves her before he actually did. This shows the characters took love differently than others as Hero took it more lightly along with Don Pedro and Claudio, who would tease Benedict about his possible love for Beatrice, then Benedict whoShow MoreRelated Second World War Essay2954 Words   |  12 Pagesgrandfather would remember a different day, a morning marked by another surprise attack on America. That ambush, said Japanese General Yamamoto, awakened a â€Å"sleeping giant.† Analysis of American foreign policy begs the question: what if the giant had spurned its peaceful slumber? Instead, the behemoth could have chosen to lumber about. Odds are that the footsteps would not have fallen lightly, the reverberations spreading across the globe- all this, only had Wilsonians been at the helm of American foreign

Common Misconceptions Common Myths - 1223 Words

Common Misconceptions Throughout the world, we hear so many stories that are told to be true and we believe them for hundreds to thousands of years. Sadly, most of the stories are fabricated or are common myths. For example, In the Book of Genesis the forbidden fruit that is mention is commonly assumed to be an apple. Another misconception is you need to wait an hour after eating before you can swim safely. As said in the beginning, The Book of Genesis says that the fruit that Eve was tempted to eat was an apple. Throughout all of the western art of Adam and Eve the mysterious fruit is an apple. In the bible, on Genesis 2:15-17, God said: â€Å"The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it. And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, â€Å"You may surely eat of every tree of the garden, but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.† In the Bible, it does not even mention what type of fruit it was. So where did the idea of it being an apple come from? After of hundreds and hundreds of years after Jesus died on the cross, both Testaments were translated into Latin. It is highly likely that the apple comes from a medieval pun: The Latin word for â€Å"evil† is malum and the Latin word for â€Å"apple† is malus. Today, Latin is considered to be a dead lan guage because no one really speaks it anymore, well at least openly. So, could the Latin be right about the apple being theShow MoreRelatedJudaism- Myths and Misconceptions1599 Words   |  7 Pagessome of the most common factors of stereotyping, there is another factor that leads to stereotyping, religion. Most religions and their followers are stereotyped in some form or another, but the stereotyping of Judaism prevalent. Often we wonder where these stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination stem from and how they were originally established. Many times stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice are a result a myths and misconceptions; frequently these misconceptions and myths are historicallyRead MoreChallenging Aging Stereotypes : Strategies For Creating A More Active Society Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Dr. Marcia Ory’s article titled Challenging Aging Stereotypes: Strategies for Creating a More Active Society, many common misconceptions about the elderly are presented and disputed, while also addressing the effect these stereotype s have on the elderly’s view of themselves and how it affects their physical wellbeing. Solutions to getting the older population active and engaged while taking care of their bodies are also presented. This assessment provides a comprehensive breakdown of these topicsRead MoreLearning Can Not Be Based Off Of One Certain Type Of Learner, Or The Ideal Student?1612 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many learning myths in society today, many of which are incorrect and have no supporting evidence. These myths fall from learning styles to how much brain power humans use. The fallacies cause many students to fail if they feel they don’t fit into these myths. Debunking common misunderstood styles of learning will allow the learner to achieve in any subject. Learning styles, cramming, and brain usage all are common myths that are believed by many student. Learning should not be basedRead MoreImmigration : Perceptions Of Immigration893 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunities to succeed or because they are escaping because of violet reasons in their countries. This process of moving from one country to another is called immigration. This word has been used in many different situations every day. The most common definition is to talk about people that move illegally to another country. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, immigration â€Å"is process through which individuals become permanent residents or citizens of a new country† (Perry 315). It is incredibleRead MoreThe Truths And Myths About Austism901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Truths and Myths about Austism Autism is a disorder that has common misconceptions. In â€Å"Autism-Myths and Reality† Christian Jarrett attempts to uncover the truths based on the rumors and also to show what Autism really is. He also tries to create awareness of language that could be offensive to people with Autism. In this article Jarrett wants to help show people that knowing the truths about this disorder and not trying to simplify it can help show sensitivity towards those with Autism. Read MoreTaking a Look at Schizophrenia1249 Words   |  5 PagesA common mistaken belief is that people with schizophrenia have multiple personalities. Many people confuse schizophrenia with split personality or multiple personality disorder (Lilienfeld et al, 2010). The misunderstanding stems from the meaning of the word schizophrenia, as in Greek it means split mind (Boruck, 2008). In 1990, Carlson proposed â€Å"schizophrenia is probably the most misused psychological term in existence† . Vaughan (1977), performed a study which found that 77% of studentsRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Health1095 Words   |  5 Pagespersonal observation, common misconceptions, scientific truth and mainstream issues that needs an immediate attention. PERSONAL OBSERVATION The very right question which I personally believe every individual should ask of them before jumping into any conclusion on schizophrenia is why and how they are different. There is a little difference between schizophren ic people and common mass, although the effects of being schizophrenic are risky as compared to effect of actions by common mass. I am privilegedRead MoreExplanation Of Educational Material : Pamphlet On Immunizations1374 Words   |  6 Pagesclients and pamphlets, brochures, or booklets, and are designed to increase knowledge, awareness, sensitivity and intention to act. (Dana, 2005). The pamphlet I created is to educate parents of young children on myths and facts of immunizations. The layout of my pamphlet focuses on three popular myths, and explains the factual evidence in a way that is readable for the parents. The pamphlet aims to encourage the parents to take their children to get vaccinated, and educate them on the benefits of vaccinationsRead MoreThe Minds Of Serial Killers Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesTOPIC: The minds of serial killers and why they do what they do. RHETORICAL PURPOSE: Informative SPECIFIC PURPOSE: I want to inform my classmates more about the misconceptions, behaviors and types of serial murderers in the United States THESIS: There are many false information about serial murderers that get passed around but there are common traits and characteristics to help spot who they are and why they do what they do. Introduction I. Attention-getting device: Dennis Rader was a seemingly normalRead MoreInformative Speech On Hypnosis804 Words   |  4 Pagesfollowing the commands, tapping, snoring, and dancing. Watching a six foot tall, 200 pound man dance in front of hundreds of people may have changed my mind, and unless he was on payroll, hypnosis had to be real. So what is hypnosis, what are common misconceptions and myths, and what are different types of hypnosis? Today I will be answering these three questions. Hypnosis is one to the most controversial and misunderstood way of psychological healing. It gives you the ability to enter a state of consciousness

Overview of the Roaring Twenties - 1383 Words

The â€Å"Roaring Twenties† were an age of dramatic political, social, and economic change. Women wanted new and improved rights and the nation’s wealth doubled between 1920 and 1929. Culture, values, and the technology of America changed and it had only just begun. The â€Å"Roaring Twenties† were considered as a â€Å"celebration of youth†. The many experiences that came from WWI had transitioned into the growth of cities, new industries, and new morals. Women finally won the right to vote in 1920, and there were new roles for them in the workplace. Many of the social changes greatly affected the new world. There was an increasing availability of birth control which eventually led to a decline of the birth rate. Technology made everything easier†¦show more content†¦Louis Armstrong was a stupendous trumpet player whom made many historical recordings in the 1920s. Also, during this age all the people wanted to do was dance, and New York wa s the most popular place to be. There were many different new dances during the jazz age that were popular. Some were the cake walk, the black bottom, the flea hop, and most popular, the jitter bug. Many jazz bands played at dance halls in New York City and in the Aragon in Chicago. All of the radio stations around America played jazz. During this time, 100 million phonograph records were sold in 1927 alone. Some of the older people disagreed with the jazz music’s objective of vulgarity and immoral situations (History1900s). The Jazz Age was also marked by many artists, authors, and scientists. One famous artist was F. Scott Fitzgerald, who wrote the â€Å"Great Gatsby† in 1925. It took him five months to write. This book explained and magnified the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† and the Jazz Age. Another wonderful author was Theodore Dreiser. He wrote â€Å"An American Society†. This novel described the urban settings and economic problems (Course-N otes). One of the most famous authors of this time was Ernest Hemingway, who wrote â€Å"A Farewell to Arms†. He depicted the lives of men and women’s values during and after WWI (Yoonhee). These were some of the most known authors of the Twenties. The Jazz Age also led to an increase of drunkenness throughout theShow MoreRelatedLifestyles of the Rich and Famous in the Roaring Twenties Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesFamous in the Roaring 20’s The Roaring Twenties†, The Era of Wonderful Nonsense, The Decade of the Dollar , The Period of the Psyche, Dry Decade and the age of Alcohol and Al Capone†, these slogans are all ways to describe the 1920’s in just a few words. (The 1920s: Lifestyles and Social Trends: Overview) The 1920’s were a decade of parties, money, and extravagant lifestyles. The decade portrayed the American Dream of women, money, alcohol, music, and partying. In the twenties dresses wereRead MoreCulture during the 20s-40s: Great Gatsby1365 Words   |  6 Pagesand particular events during these decades influenced many rebellious outbreaks going against societal norms. The â€Å"Roaring 20s† (1920-30), had a major impact on adolescent behavior in America, starting in New Orleans, moving into Chicago and later, New York City. Throughout the 1930s-1940s a new adolescent culture emerged, influenced by early upheavals during the 1920s. The twenties were years of prodigious changes and prosperity in many areas of society; for example, revolutionary changes in musicRead MoreThe Culture of the 1920s in America Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s, often referred to as the Roaring Twenties, was a time of great change and a time of powerful enthusiasm in many areas of society. The world had just finished the biggest war in history, the First World War, and the United States was left almost unharmed by the war. The United States was able to experience a decade of peace and success following the war. During this decade, America became the wealthiest country in the world (Trueman, 2000). The people in the United States went through aRead MoreAmerican Society During The Roaring Twenties1844 Words   |  8 PagesThe Roaring Twenties was known to many as an infamous age of sex, lawlessness, and prohibition. The twenties were much more than that actually it was time where the American society had a dramatic shift from i ts rural roots to the bustling city. American society was changing from the rural farm days. Many people were moving into the city and buying new gadgets that were being invited. Society was turning into a consumer Society this meant that many people across the country were buying the same productsRead MoreLiterary Research Paper: The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott1100 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Gatsby’s most disappointing character. If The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is known as the Great American Novel then maybe the historical context, biographical overview, the characters is what makes the novel so important to American culture. The Great Gatsby, a book based on the culture of the Roaring Twenties, took place in the 1920’s and was then published in 1925. The 1920’s were a time after World War 1 was completed and everyone wanted to finally have fun and enjoy life. ThisRead MoreEssay about Great Gatsby862 Words   |  4 Pagesexaggerated lifestyle of the protagonist, Jay Gatsby, to criticize the inherent motivations necessary to acquire the American Dream. Bibliography lists 8 sources. Filename: KTgatsby.wps The Great Gatsby: The Decline of This 5 page paper provides an overview of the issues presented in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby. This paper outlines the way in which the novel represents the decline of modern values in the post-World War I era and the depiction of this through the culmination of GatsbysRead MoreA Medical Revolution Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesapproximately forty million victims, eradicating nearly twenty percent of the entire world’s population, or about one out of five individuals (Peters, ix). To make matters more dire, the ill-suited medical community was exceptionally unprepared for such a wide-scale pandemic: Doctors had very basic tools, knew little about diseases, and had no experience with vaccinations or prevention (Peters, 1-5; â€Å"The 1920s: Medicine and Health: Overview†, n.p.). People blindly faced the epidemic, relying onRead MoreTrends of Marriage and Divorce Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pageslest they dry up like cacti before they bore children. Today, marriage is generally recognized as a commitment that may satisfy some, though many choose to forgo the process. The differences between the cultural perception of marriage in the â€Å"Roaring Twen ties† compared to today have manifested themselves in many different ways. Marriage in the 1920s was less of an option, and more of an expectation. Despite a decline in marriage rates compared to decades previous, marriage was still consideredRead MoreEssay on Symbols of The Great Gatsby 1249 Words   |  5 Pagesdreams, moral decline, and hardships in America . The Roaring Twenties were a different time altogether with its bootleggers and speakeasies, women becoming more independent, the poor becoming poorer, but through all this was The American Dream keeping the hope afloat. F. Scott Fitzgerald captured this era in his book, The Great Gatsby. Through his many symbols he illustrates the hopes, the forgotten God, and the oppressed Americans of the Twenties. The symbols in The Great Gatsby help convey severalRead MoreEnviromental Scanning1269 Words   |  6 Pagescocaine. The beverage quickly became in demand and competitive advantage strategies were employed. Although the ingredient of cocaine was eliminated, the company flourished throughout the prohibition area and expanded internationally by late â€Å"roaring twenties.† In the early stages of Coca-Cola differentiation advantage techniques were employed, such as strict standards of mixture at soda fountains that formulated a uniform quality product that would distinguish them from other soft drinks (RetroPlanet

The Application Of Electronic Health Records - 936 Words

Today, demands for the implementation of health information technology to develop the quality of care are increasing in the United States. Researchers have found that the application of electronic health records (EHRs) could provide healthcare services. The use of EHRs in mental health has shown to provide more services to patients and access to medical records quickly. However, the adoption of EHRs in mental health is significantly lower among mental health providers than other health care providers. This is because of the lack of resources and the necessary competence of most mental health providers do not have for EHRs meaningful utilization. EHRs in mental health require more effort and skills to complete their healthcare services. This is because the highly sensitive mental health data involving certain conditions and records of vulnerable patients need to be kept safe. According to Chiu and her colleague, confidentiality and privacy issues are not new subjects to mental health care providers (109). When patients information is captured, stored, and transmitted it could be attacked by identity theft or fraud (Choi et al 57). The benefits of using EHRs obtained by health care organizations could breach patient privacy. The U.S. federal government has introduced the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) which has taken responsibility to protect patients rights and privacy (Choi et al. 57). According to Choi and his colleagues, the purpose of theShow MoreRelatedApplication Of An Electronic Health Record1272 Words   |  6 PagesEmpower As a nurse facilitator walking into a room of disgruntled nurses, the task of planning or an electronic medical record adoption will not be an easy task. However, with the right approach, this endeavor can be motivating. Our future is dependent on our ability to adapt to an ever-evolving healthcare system that is becoming increasingly integrated with a dynamic technology explosion. Nursing leaders need to develop insight into healthcare s future and prepare the foundation for the changesRead MoreApplication For Successful Electronic Health Records947 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Paper Introduction As per Fenton, Giannangelo, Stanfill (2006), Workflow, project management, personnel, training, support, communication, motivation, vision, leadership and evaluation, are essential considerations for successful electronic health records (EHR) implementations. HI 5329 Assessment and Evaluation course utilized a team work practical approach that covers explicitly or implicitly the majority of those considerations. The first six modules within this course focused mainly onRead MoreApplication And Challenges With Implementing An Electronic Health Record1127 Words   |  5 Pages Application and Challenges with Implementing an Electronic Health Record Kasey Murphy Abstract— This paper is about the many different challenges of electronic health records and the different advancement that electronic health records have. It talks about the benefits and challenges that may arise with the electronic health records. Also, there are several advancements through the electronic health records especially through the years. They have made several adjustments to make it easily accessibleRead MoreIncreasing Speed Movement Towards The Electronic Health Records795 Words   |  4 PagesIncreasing speed movement towards the electronic health records has additional complexity of the preference from among choices process, in that the number of systems on the market has raised. However, appointing a system does not have to be a frighten task. The first and most understandable questions that needs to be acknowledge is placed. Where do we start? Well you do not start with the merchant. To obtain any major systems investments must being with a process. Why wi ll you need to set up a methodRead MoreElectronic Record Adoption Project Scenario888 Words   |  4 Pagesapproach to the electronic record adoption project scenario. The outcome of a needs assessment given scenario is the adoption of an Electronic Health Record system by the health care organization. For the site to adopt and accept implementation of an electronic health record system, benefits have to be clearly outlined and presented to the site staff. The staff must be convinced that the core functions of implementation of an electronic health records system is management of patient health informationRead MoreEssay National Ehr Mandate1248 Words   |  5 PagesNational EHR Mandate Heidi Babcock-Marvin Ohio University National EHR Mandate An electronic health record (EHR) defines as the permissible patient record created in hospitals that serve as the data source for all health records. It is an electronic version of a paper chart that includes the patient’s medical history, maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that persons care. Information that is readily available includesRead MoreThe Problem Faced By The Student Run Clinic1451 Words   |  6 PagesBhagat Puran Singh Health Initiative (BPSHI), which is a non-profit organization is to have an affordable yet reliable system that can further expand on the free health awareness provided. One such way that can further expand on the health assistance is the transition of older traditional paper medical record to an electronic record system (EMR). However, there are a number of sub-problems that needs to be addressed when implementing the transition, which are: a proper EMR application, work force, andRead MoreAssignment #1 Health Information1661 Words   |  7 PagesInformation Technologies Applications Information Technologies Applications Haya Zeidan Strayer University HSA 315 Dr. MOUNTASSER  KADRIE Assignment #1 April 26, 2011 Information Technologies Applications 2 Abstract The information Technologies Applications is widely used nowadays. Information technology (IT) has the potential to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of health care. But before everythingRead MoreTechnology Applications For Nursing Care995 Words   |  4 Pages4 2.1Nursing Informatics as a Specialty 4 2.2 Use of Computers a Necessity in Health Care 5 2.3 The Open Source Soft Ware In Nursing 5 2.4 Physiologic Monitoring System 5 2.5 The Significance of Technology Applications to Nursing Care. 5 2.6 Electronic Health Record 6 2.7 Future Uses of Telehealth 6 2.8 Legal and Ethical Aspects 6 2.9 Ethical, and Professional Issues In Information Security 6 2.10 Ethical Applications in Informatics 7 3.0 Critical Evaluation: 7 3.1 PERSONAL LIFE: 7 3.1.1 NursingRead MoreThe American Recovery And Revitalization Act Of 20091249 Words   |  5 PagesRecovery and Revitalization Act of 2009 brought meaningful use of patient records to help increase the improvement of patient care. With certified electronic health record technology, one goal is to improve quality, safety, efficiency, and to decrease health discrepancies. Some more goals are to get patient and family engaged in their care, continue to improve care coordination, and maintain privacy and security of patient health information. In order to achieve these goals, healthcare facilities must

Feminism in International Relations free essay sample

Tne social sciences. I neorlsts Degan to examine now gender affected International relations theory and practice in the late 1980s, during the third debate between positivists and post-positivists. Like post-positivist critiques of conventional approaches to R, feminist theorist contend that paradigms like realism, neo-realism and liberal institutionalism, present a partial view rooted in unacknowledged political assumptions that do not tell the whole story of international politics. Conventional theories were censured for failing to explain the collapse of the Soviet Union, the udden and peaceful end to the Cold War, and the diffuse security threats of the 1990s. The feminist approach to IR is not a single unitary theory, but a distinct discourse made up of many competing theories. For example, liberal feminists focus on securing equal rights and access to education and the economy for women, while Marxist feminists seek to transform the oppressive socioeconomic structures of capitalist society (Steans, 1998, 16-19). Alternatively, standpoint feminists argue that womens knowledge comes from a marginalised perspective that has the potential to rovide fuller insights into world politics than those from the core (Brown, 1994, 231). Finally, post-modern feminists reject claims that a theory can tell one true story about the human experience (Steans, 1998, 25-26). Post-modern feminists argue that there is no authentic womens experience or standpoint that can be used as a template for understanding the world, and chide liberal feminists for their adherence to the Enlightenment project, their Western middle class bias, and their essentialist views of women (Steans, 1998, 23-27). Despite the fissiparous nature of eminism in the discipline, all feminist IR scholars are united by a concern with gender: an ideological and socially constructed difference between men and women, as opposed to the biological differences between the sexes. In all societies and in all cultures individuals who are born as biological males or females are usually expected to develop masculine or feminine characteristics and behave in ways appropriate to their gender. Those who were insufficiently masculine or feminine were regarded as abnormal or deviant. The ascription of gender involved a highly complex system of tereotyping which was supported by range of social institutions and practices. Individuals found themselves under a great deal of social pressure to conform to gender stereotypical behaviour. Feminists argue that sex roles were assigned by society and male identified roles were seen to be more important and deserving of greater social rewards than female identified roles. Characteristics such as power, autonomy, rationality, strength, we associate with masculinity and opposite characteristics such as weakness, dependency, emotions are associated with feminity. (Tickner, 1997; Steans, 1998; Pettman, 2002; Sylvester 2002). Gender both constitutes and is constituted by inequalities in power relations and social structures, and has significant implications for the respective experiences of men and women (Steans, 1998, 10; Tickner, 2008, 265). In their different ways, feminists aim to explain the role of gender in the theory and practice of international relations by locating women in international politics, investigating how they are affected by structures and behaviour in the international system, and exploring ways of reconstructing IR theory in a gender neutral way (Tickner, 2008; Steans 1998; Sylvester, 2002). In her seminal work, Cynthia Enloe (1989) focused on the everyday experiences of women as an individual, demonstrating their importance to the continued running of the state system as plantation workers, consumers, wlves 0T Olplomats ana 0T soldiers, ana prostitutes surrounding military bases. She asserted that omitting women in theories left IR with a political analysis that is incomplete, even naive (Enloe, 1989, 2). This is best seen via the example of womens experiences of war: in general, war intensifies economic inequalities between men and women and often forces women into unpaid ork, such as caring for the injured or sick when hospitals are over-crowded or destroyed (Chew, 2008, 76-77). Women are forced into the sex-trade for subsistence, sometimes being contracted informally by military leaders around bases in order to sustain the morale of soldiers (Enloe, 1989, 81-92; Chew, 2008, 76-77). Non- combatants, meaning women and children, make up 90% of deaths in contemporary wars, and systematic rape has been used as a weapon during wartime. Seeing war through the eyes of a woman can change the very nature of what constitutes the boundaries of R, shifting the focus from the causes and costs of inter-state war to he drastic consequences individuals suffer due to militarization and oppression (Tickner, 1997, 625; steans, 1998, 102). Reconstructing IR-Feminist on The state, Security and Power In order to examine the socially constructed language employed in mainstream theories, particularly realism, highlighting conventionally used dichotomies like objectivity/ subjectivity, public [private, and national/international, feminists in Ir have adopted the methodologies of deconstructivism associated with post- structuralism. In these groupings, the former represents the masculine value, which e subconsciously Judge to be of higher worth than the latter, feminine term (Tickner, 1988, 432). Employing this analysis to scrutinise key IR texts provides remarkable insights into the gendered nature of language and knowledge employed by traditional IR theory, allowing new definitions of well-thumbed concepts like the state, power and security. Power emerges as central in traditional theories, to both the study and practice of international relations. Realisms preoccupation with control means that prescribes a type of power that facilitates domination

Law of Business Organization

Question: Discuss about theLaw of Business Organization. Answer: Introduction The assignment is in two parts Part I Part II. Part I contents the constitution of the company. The company should create a constitution of the company before its registration. For the registration, the company should make an application before the ASIC. The contents of the constitution of a company have been referred herein. The owner of the company should make the constitution under these headings. The internal management of the company, i.e., the contract between the company with its directors or secretary or any other officers, etc. is guided by the Constitution of the company and the replaceable rule. The officers are not bound to abide by such rules unless he gives his consent in writing. The company should have issued such ordinary or preference shares that have been mentioned in the constitution. Part II consist of the historical background of the Corporation Act and the reasons behind the incorporation of section 198A, 191 and 250R (1) (2). Section 198 states the power of the directors of the company. Section 191 states the duties of the directors and section 250R (1) (2) of the corporation act states about the AGM of the company. The main reason behind the inclusion of these sections is to create some responsibilities amongst the members in order to make the business affairs of the company work smoothly. Constitution of a Proprietary Company Constitution of the company is created by incorporation these following points mentioned below: Introduction- name and object of the company Application of income- the income should completely be derived by the company. Liability of the members- liability should be limited. Accounts Members- name and address of the members. Membership-the term of the members. Application of members Fees and remuneration of the members Cessation of the members General meetings. Board of directors Powers and duties of the board of directors. Seal in the name of the company. Audits Notices Dissolution and winding up. Interpretation of the constitution Adoption and amendments of the constitution. The Internal Management of the Company is to be Governed by a Combination and a Replaceable Rules and a Constitution. The company is a place where some persons come together to form an association, where they willingly bring about money or something which is equivalent to money to a common stock and uses it for a similar purpose. A company in terms of law can be said as an individual person who has its own legal entity and is not bound by its members. This means that the company can purchase or sell any land or any other assets in its own name. The owner of the company has to give an application to the ASIC. A constitution has to be made by the members of the company at the time of registration. The persons who are willing to be a member of the company should give his consent in writing. Adoption of a constitution after registration requires presentation of a resolution or an order from the court where an order of adopting a constitution is granted. The company may alter or modify its constitution at any point of time. In a public company a meeting should be held with prior notice of two months. Pub lic company is having much more easy process. The contract between a member with a company, or between the director and the other member or members of the company, a company secretary with the company is determined both by the constitution and the replaceable rules. Each member or officer should perform accordingly. Any alteration of the constitution does not make it compulsory for the members to follow the changes made in the provisions unless any written consent has been given by the members. The alteration made may be for the need of acquiring some additional shares, to provide restrictions on the transfer of shares or to invest money in the company until and unless the company makes a decision to change from public to private company or some other company is taking over a company. Hence, it can be concluded that the internal management of the company is to be governed by the replaceable rules as well as the constitution. The Company is to have a Class of Ordinary Shares and a Redeemable Preference Shares. The capital of the company which is divided into equal parts is called shares. Issuing shares is the most important procedure of raising funds for the company. This fund gives a financial base and support to the company[1]. There are two kinds of shares ordinary shares and preference shares. The ordinary shares are the shares which do not have any preference right in terms of payment of the dividend or the repayment of the capital made by the company. These type of shares are issued before the issuance of the preference shares or any other securities and the dividend are paid to the ordinary shareholders only when the company has made any profit and a declaration has been made for repayment. The maximum risks are borne by the ordinary shareholders. They have an advantage as they have the voting rights in the company and can control the management or the business affairs of the company. Shares carrying preferential rights and certain advantage in respect of the dividend and the return of the capital can be termed as preference shares. There dividend paid on preference shares have a fixed rate and is paid before the ordinary shareholders or any other securities. The preference shareholders at the time of the winding up of the company should be provided with the dividend prior to the ordinary shareholders. If the constitution sanctioned any right then there can be issuance of the preference shares in respect of some matters like taking part in the profits, payment of cumulative and non-cumulative dividends. The preference shares are always useful to attract investors to invest in the shares of the company. The investors always get attracted by the rates of dividends provided in the preference shares. The company can also issue redeemable shares and the condition made by the company is that dividends paid on the shares are liable to be redeemed when the company will th ink appropriate, (Perpetual, 2016). The preference shares increase the monetary goodwill of the company. Historical Background and the Reason of the Inclusion of the Following Sections in the Corporation Act The Corporation Act 2001 can be called as the corporation act as well[2]. This act has emerged because of the Commonwealth of Australia. The popular judgment which has been given in the famous case of New South Wales v Commonwealth has given birth to the corporation act. Every business organization of Australia is guided by the corporation act. The corporation act is considered to be the largest statute in the world. From the starting of a new business organization to its winding up, every rule has been prescribed in this act. Section 198A The powers of the directors have been described in section 198A of the Corporation Act. The directors of a company are collectively called the Board of directors. Individually none of the director possess any power or can carry out the same[3]. The company has authorized the board to execute all specified powers and can carry out all prescribed work that the company being an individual could have performed[4]. Any director can only carry out a work if any authorization has been given to him by the board. The most important power that the directors have is to control the workings of the company in a complete sense. The directors are the one who are responsible for all the business affairs of the company. The directors are having the authority to appoint a new director of the company to fill up the vacancy of the board[5]. The board of directors has the power to allot shares and debentures of the company and also issue the same. It also has the capacity to decide the rate of the divide nds that has to be paid amongst the shareholders. The directors are authorized to take loan as and when required by the company and can carry out any such act with accordance to the limit of the authority they have. The incorporation of this section in the act helps the director to control the internal management of the company so that the business of the company should proceed smoothly[6]. Section 191 The duty of the directors has been mentioned in this section of the corporation act. The incorporation of this section is beneficiary because it helps in maintaining of the trust between the directors. This trust makes them to work with honesty and saves the internal information as well as the assets of the company which helps the business to flourish. The directors have the duty to attend the meetings of the board on a regular basis[7]. They are supposed to disclose any such facts in which there is any personal interest or any such information if it is related to the company or its affairs, that is they should act honestly. Hey may not disclose any fact that is related to his remuneration or if he is acting as a guarantor of the company. In failing of this duty, he will be liable for the offence of the breach of trust and negligence. None of the director has the power to act beyond the limit of the authorization that has been granted to him by the company. The directors cannot confl ict any personal matter with the interest of the company and should comply with all the statutory provisions of the company. Section 250R (1) (2) The section 250R(1) (2) of the said act states about the Annual General Meeting (AGM). The annual general meeting takes place for a discussion about a certain specified matter concerned to the business of the company or any such matter that the board of directors may think fit. The notice about the AGM is to be given to all the members of the board. The notice should specify the timing, venue for the AGM and the matter which is going to be discussed in the meeting. The meeting is always to be held during the business hours. To change the timing of the further meetings of the board, a public company can pass a resolution in the meeting and the members of the private company can discuss about it and fix the time by the expressed opinion of all the members. Any matter which is relevant for the company benefit is to be discussed in the AGM. But the main issues of discussion should be the annual financial report of the company for the said year, directors report, the report of the audito r about the companys financial position[8]. The auditors are also expected to mention all the financial issues of the company in his report like if there is any loan taken by the company or any outstanding money has to be mentioned in the report. The reason for the inclusion of this section is that the directors should have the complete knowledge of the financial position of the company so that they can manage it accordingly for the benefit of the company business. Bibliography: ASIC, 2016. Constitution and replaceable rules. [Online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/constitution-and-replaceable-rules/. ASIC, 2016. Directors. [Online] Available at: www.asic.gov.au Insolvency Insolvency for directors. ASPI, 2016. Company Constitution. [Online] Available at: https://www.aspi.org.au/about-aspi/company-constitution. Aspi, 2016. Company Constitution. [Online] Available at: https://www.aspi.org.au/about-aspi/company-constitution [Accessed 20 September 2016]. Asx, 2016. Corporate Governance. [Online] Available at: www.asx.com./documents/asx-compliance/cg_principles [Accessed 20 September 2016]. Asx, 2016. types of shares. [Online] Available at: www.asx.com.au/products/shares/types-of-shares.htm [Accessed 20 September 2016]. Austrade, 2016. Australian Trade Commission. [Online] Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/Annual_Report_2010-11/03_management.html [Accessed 20 September 2016]. COMPANYDIRECTORS, 2016. General duties and responsibilities. [Online] Available at: https://www.companydirectors.com.au/Director-Resource-Centre/. Companydirectors, 2016. General duties and responsibilities. [Online] Available at: https://www.companydirectors.com./Director-Resource-Centre [Accessed 20 September 2016]. CORPORATE, 2016. Corporation Act 2001. [Online] Available at: corporate.laws.com/corporations-act-2001. Corporatelaws, 2016. Corporation Act 2001. [Online] Available at: corporate.laws.com/corporations-act-2001 [Accessed 20 September 2016]. Epublications, 2016. Director's powers and duties. [Online] Available at: epublications.bond.edu.au Law LAW_BOOKS 2 [Accessed 20 September 2016]. Kluwer, W., 2015. Commercial Applications of Company law. [Online] Available at: https://lib.oup.com.au/he/samples/hanrahan_CACL_sample.pdf. Kluwer, W., 2016. Corporate and Commercial law. [Online] Available at: www.wolterskluwer.cch.com.au/legal/corporate-and-commercial. LEGISLATION, 2016. Corporation Act 2001. [Online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2014C00519. Legislation, 2016. Corporation Act 2001. [Online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2014C00519 [Accessed 20 September 2016]. MKYSUGAR, 2016. Corporation Act 2001. [Online] Available at: www.mkysugar.com.au/news/Documents/13-07-Notice of Annual Gener. Perpetual, 2016. Australian shares. [Online] Available at: https://www.perpetual.com./Investments/Australian-Shares [Accessed 20 September 2016].